COMMUNICATION
As defined by MA eligibility, "a communication disability is the capacity to use expressive and/or receptive language is significantly limited, impaired, or delayed and is exhibited by difficulties in one or more of the following areas: speech, such as articulation and/or voice; conveying, understanding, or using spoken, written, or symbolic language. The term may include a student with impaired articulation, stuttering, language impairment, or voice impairment if such impairment adversely affects the student's educational performance."
When a person is unable to produce speech sounds correctly or fluently, or has problems with his or her voice, then he or she has a speech disorder. Difficulties pronouncing sounds, or articulation disorders, and stuttering are examples of speech disorders. When a person has trouble understanding others (receptive language), or sharing thoughts, ideas, and feelings completely (expressive language), then he or she has a language disorder. A stroke can result in aphasia, or a language disorder. Both children and adults can have speech and language disorders. They can occur as a result of a medical problem or have no known cause. There are many kinds of speech and language disorders that can affect children. In this fact sheet, we’ll talk about four major areas in which these impairments occur. These are the areas of:
Articulation | speech impairments where the child produces sounds incorrectly (e.g., lisp, difficulty articulating certain sounds, such as “l” or “r”);
Fluency | speech impairments where a child’s flow of speech is disrupted by sounds, syllables, and words that are repeated, prolonged, or avoided and where there may be silent blocks or inappropriate inhalation, exhalation, or phonation patterns;
Voice | speech impairments where the child’s voice has an abnormal quality to its pitch, resonance, or loudness; and
Language | language impairments where the child has problems expressing needs, ideas, or information, and/or in understanding what others say. (1)
When a person is unable to produce speech sounds correctly or fluently, or has problems with his or her voice, then he or she has a speech disorder. Difficulties pronouncing sounds, or articulation disorders, and stuttering are examples of speech disorders. When a person has trouble understanding others (receptive language), or sharing thoughts, ideas, and feelings completely (expressive language), then he or she has a language disorder. A stroke can result in aphasia, or a language disorder. Both children and adults can have speech and language disorders. They can occur as a result of a medical problem or have no known cause. There are many kinds of speech and language disorders that can affect children. In this fact sheet, we’ll talk about four major areas in which these impairments occur. These are the areas of:
Articulation | speech impairments where the child produces sounds incorrectly (e.g., lisp, difficulty articulating certain sounds, such as “l” or “r”);
Fluency | speech impairments where a child’s flow of speech is disrupted by sounds, syllables, and words that are repeated, prolonged, or avoided and where there may be silent blocks or inappropriate inhalation, exhalation, or phonation patterns;
Voice | speech impairments where the child’s voice has an abnormal quality to its pitch, resonance, or loudness; and
Language | language impairments where the child has problems expressing needs, ideas, or information, and/or in understanding what others say. (1)
Resource Documents:
Introduction to Auditory Processing Disorder
Assessment of Speech/Sound Production
Communication Milestone
Language Processing Checklist
Phonological Patterns by Age
Speech/Language Related DSM V
Social Communication Disorder Fact Sheet
American Speech/Language/Hearing Association
Introduction to Auditory Processing Disorder
Assessment of Speech/Sound Production
Communication Milestone
Language Processing Checklist
Phonological Patterns by Age
Speech/Language Related DSM V
Social Communication Disorder Fact Sheet
American Speech/Language/Hearing Association
Organizations to Consult:
ASHA | American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
Information in Spanish | Información en español. 1.800.638.8255 | [email protected] | www.asha.org
NIDCD | National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders
1.800.241.1044 (Voice) | 1.800.241.1055 (TTY) [email protected] |http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/
Cleft Palate Foundation
1.800.242.5338 | http://www.cleftline.org
Childhood Apraxia of Speech Association of North America | CASANA
http://www.apraxia-kids.org
National Stuttering Foundation
1.800.937.8888 | [email protected] | http://www.nsastutter.org/
Stuttering Foundation
1.800.992.9392 | [email protected] | http://www.stuttersfa.org/
ASHA | American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
Information in Spanish | Información en español. 1.800.638.8255 | [email protected] | www.asha.org
NIDCD | National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders
1.800.241.1044 (Voice) | 1.800.241.1055 (TTY) [email protected] |http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/
Cleft Palate Foundation
1.800.242.5338 | http://www.cleftline.org
Childhood Apraxia of Speech Association of North America | CASANA
http://www.apraxia-kids.org
National Stuttering Foundation
1.800.937.8888 | [email protected] | http://www.nsastutter.org/
Stuttering Foundation
1.800.992.9392 | [email protected] | http://www.stuttersfa.org/
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